What Are the Sources of External and Internal Motivation for People?

What be the sources of familiar and right(prenominal) motivations for spates process? Xu Zhijun 24087 capital of Poland School of affectionate Sciences and Humanities penury is the reason of hoi polloi starting, directing and harbour suiting activities, non the result (Zimbardo, Johnson & Weber, 2000). The reason why tidy sum take action send word be different basically thither atomic number 18 two big aspects familiar and removed motivation. Internal motivation is to do aroundthing for your give sake. It loafer be your personality by-line or the value which you pursue its in truth similar with inalienable motivation.The a track motivation is to do well-nighthing for some others sake. It sounds similar with extrinsic motivation, but it is a different concept which I bequeath present precisely. I suggest if hoi polloi motivation to change or maintain some particular behaviors, the best government agency is to transfer the external motivation into cozy motivation. According to Maslows humanistic possible action (1943), t here(predicate) is a pyramid of inescapably wait peck to fulfill. The first take aim biological aspect, demand for food, water, oxygen, rest, sexual expression, anesthetise from tensity. state look for food to eat when they ar hungry or they atomic number 18 on a lower floor big pressure, food can help them release the tension at the moment. And tidy sum choose dance, sing or ripple to their close race to release their tension as well(p). heap sleep when they argon tired. People moderate sexual life-time because they eat sexual drive. Each beingness seek a state of proportionality homeostasis. (Hull, 1943, 1952). The second level is safety. It marrow occupys for security, comfort, tranquility, freedom from fear.When facing threaten, may hurt, muckle pull up stakes automatically try to avoid. perceive a sharp blade locomote d induce, bulk provide evade. Anthony Robin state, Im sc ard, so I have to take action right straight vogue run to the direction which I want. The tercet level is attachment. It means pick outs for be vast, to affiliate, to chicane and be loved. Human atomic number 18 well-disposed animals, thats the reason plurality striket want l tint slightliness. When passel timber l unmatchablely, they meet friends, talk to others or stock-still entrust piddle much campaign to keep in contact with others.People have love others and in turn they require to be loved. The forth level is esteem. It means of necessity for confidence, sense of worth and competence, self-importance-pride and respect of others. People need others acceptance. People need confidence. Without confidence, people couldnt fall upon any goals. So people ar seeking ways to be confidence. People positively take action to assay they atomic number 18 non worth slight in this world. The fifth level is self-actualization, it means needs to fulfill potential, have me aningful goals.When people meet all iv levels draw above, they pursue the value of life by self-actualization. These are the nature of human being. These points we can call internal motivation people are born with this priority point character. People take action for move the pleasure and avoiding the pain(Epicurus 341BC), and avoiding the pain can be more influential on peoples action. The reason of people can non be motivated to act is upright his need for happiness is not big teeming he can still hold the pain of threatens. (Mood Story, August 30th, 2007).Consider how the self influences our memory, a phenomenon kn consume as the self-reference effect when entropy is relevant to our self-concepts, we process it quickly and immortalize it well (Higgins & Bargh, 1987 Kuiper & Rogers, 1979 Symons &Johnson, 1997). The more self-relevant, we assort outside with ourselves, the more effectively on our behaviors. any(prenominal) the keep is, if we take it to our mind, analyze it, and so digest it, it would work expeditiously neighboring time, and we may be more motivated. base on locus arrest (Rotter 1973), people are divided into two aspects, one is internal and the other one is external.The internal people believe they control their own destiny. They contribute the fault to themselves and more self centered. The external people feel knock or outside forces determine their peck . The external people attribute the fallacy to the environment. Those who see themselves as internally controlled are more correspondingly to do well in school, successfully stop smoking, move into seat belts, deal with marital problems directly, recognize a substantial income, and delay import gratification to achieve long-term goals (Findley & Cooper, 1983 Lefcourt, 1982 miller & others, 1986).Previous research has shown that internals to have better amiable health than externals (in terms of being less the likes ofly to be suffering from neuroses or psychoses), to have more self control, and to be more achievement oriented (Lefcourt, 1966 Joe, 1971). And employees who are internal locus of control are more motivated to work than externals , doing better, and see working hard as being instrumental in obtaining what they want(Lauri, 1975). In other words these internals, who see themselves as controller, or we can say they connect outside more with themselves than externals.External motivation here I regard it as doing something for outside world. Any retorts, penaltys, pressure, responsibility and obligation from others can motivate people, cause peoples action as well. Through the payoffs and punishments, what we touch on is more about the subjects emotion, is about their mind-set for us. A yield can be a compliment, praise, an ice-crime, or bonus for hard-working employee. This is the way they give and try to influence us. and how we understand it and whether we attempt the essence are not certain, and couldnt be well predict.In O ctober, 2008, there was a thirteen-year boy, couldnt weary the pressure from both school and family, went to self-annihilation just because of being frightened to get physical punishment. He left a letter and poisoned himself. ( Anhui judicial system Net, 2008). It was a truly sad news, but on the other hand, we veridicalized that if we nevertheless give stimulant without fundamental route persuasion, and no objective relevant explanation, the result may go to another direction which we adoptt want to see. When people dont know about new things, they regard from the others.It is one aspect of learning possibleness called classical conditioning. When people were young, all of us may experienced that if we did a beloved job, parents would give us some benefits as reward, this method may encourage us to do the same thing once again in order to get the reward which we want from parents or we didnt do well on which parents requested, we would get punishment soon. The gener al thesis here is that internal motivation activates that subject sufficiently to larn a wide range of responses. If one of these responses leads to a reward, i. e. a reduction of drive, the proclivity to repeat that response will be increased. The wide range of irrelevant activities is bit by bit narrowed as the angle of inclination to make the rewarded response is increased, until the subject is directly and efficiently performing the response that leads to the reward (Kendler, 1952). In Chinese society, bittie childrens parents are discussing intensely about whether reward is more effective or punishment on teaching their child. There is a very famous saying which many parents take it as a motto discontinue the rod and spoil the child.It emphasizes the negative reinforcements importance. We can understand it in the sense that punishment can transmit the good result. It happens. In 2005, there was an Asian Youth Piano Competition a thirteen- year girl won four champions, two silver medals. Her father said he slapped his daughter over four hundred times during her training. It was so terrible to regard that. Maybe in the US, this father would definitely be arrested. However, this father then regretted, and this small girl became love piano by her real heart. I think here is a very important constituent during the slip, which is time. no.-stop input signal can change peoples privileged provokes to keep some particular behaviors. This tortured girl step by step fell in love with piano. fourth dimension allows her to think about the piano profligacyacting and within her grown up, she may got confidence, high school self-esteem, respect from playacting or yet self actualization, she has love for piano now. Thats why she still holds onto it. If not, she would either halt or just work less productively. If the reinforcement has nothing to do with peoples embedded life interests or innate outlook, it will lose its speciality soon.A highly salien t, task contingent reward is more detrimental to intrinsic interest than a relatively non-salient was investigated (Ross, 1975). Such stimulation would make the subject confused his real interest, his inner motivation love for doing something. We may experience that when we do something in which we are interested, we just do it for fun, for our own sake. handle leisure activities, such as cycling, playing the guitar, play the music. This point has similarity with intrinsic motivation. We can hold these activities for long time.We dont play for others its like our own free choice. We do it because we like it, we are good. I help you because I do it for my own pleasure, I didnt expect anything from you, and you dont have to give any substantial reward to me. I am on diet, just because I want to be more healthy, more energetic, I am not losing weight for pleasing others. I playing area because I want to get the acquaintance from the book rather than follow the tendency to go to col lege. If anyone gives a feedback like a gift, some bonus which doesnt match our inner embedded life interests, it will change the way we used to be.It may confuse the real motivation of our behaviors. at a time the stimulation stops, the source of motivation will disappear too. Motivation is not a donation from the public, its a game, and the only player is you. Behaviors source is internal, all the stimulation from outside works by inner transformation. Social psychologists agree that our actions influence our attitudes. (David G. Myers2009 P98), thoughts settle actions (Diao, 2004). Behavior and thoughts interact in uncouth ways. Behavior can change the thoughts, and the thoughts will lead the behavior.Baker and Brownell (2000) suggested that exercise may play a key role in long term weight commission by influencing psychological aspects like self-efficacy, embody image, or mood. And increased general self-rule and exercise motivation seem to accelerate improvements in eati ng self-regulation during weight control in women. (Mata, Silva &Vieira2009) Persuasion researchers Richard minuscule and John Cacioppo(2005) and Alice Eagly and Shelly Chaiken (1993) report that persuasion is believably occur via either a underlying or peripheral route. (Zimbardo et al. ) Focusing on the arguments, explain clearly about the issue, this is underlying route to persuasion focusing on the cues that gun trigger acceptance without much thinking is the peripheral route to persuasion. As for central route, the audience is analytic and motivated the impact is elaborate, with high trend, the result is agree or counter argue persuasion is corpulent arguments evoke enduring agreement. The other way goes peripheral route, the audience is not analytical or involved the processing, with low effort by using peripheral cues cues trigger liking and acceptance but often only temporarily.So I can fag out that in order to maintain some sort of particular behaviors in a long term, we need a transformation in our mind. Transform those information which conveyed by others. Change the way we think that we want not you want. I do it for myself not for others. Whatever the value which you pursue, intellectual challenge, a comfortable lifestyle, prestige or take down money, try to make that as your own desire. Stimulation can change peoples behavior, but may not help keeping the behavior.Only if people assimilate by his heart he need to do for his own good, the stimulation matches with his inner pleasure, the action will maintain for long term. Perseverance derives from love, the very inner unfeigned feeling. This internal feeling will urinate passion, and willpower to support you taking action and keeping it. References 1, Guthrie,E. R(1934). revenge and Punishment. Psychological Review, Vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 450-460. 2, Mildred A. Hoge& Ruth J. Stocking(1912). A none on the Relative Value of Punishment and honour as Motives. Journal of Animal Behavio r, Vol. 2, zero(prenominal) 1, pp. 43-50. 3, Michael Ross(1975).Salience Reward and intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Personality and Social psychology 1975, Vol. 32, No. 2, 245-254 4, Eisenberger, R. , Pierce, W. D. , & Cameron, J(1999). Effects of Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation-Negative, Neutral, Positive Comment on Deci, Coestner, and Ryan(1999). Psychological Bulletin 1999, Vol. 125, No. 6, 677-691 5, Zimbardo, P. G. , Johnson, R. L. , & Weber, A. L. (2008). Psychology Core Concepts (Fifth Edition, 2008), Allyn and Bacon the United States of America cupboard 6, Myers, D. G(2000). Exploring Social Psychology(Second Edition, 2000). US McGraw-Hiller Press 7, Cameron, J. Pierce, D. W. , Banko, K. M. , & Gear, A. (2005). Achievement-Based Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation A Test of cognitive Mediators. Journal of Educational Psychology 2005, Vol. 97, No. 4, 641-655 8, Gong, T. & Gu, T (2003). Being Afraid of Not Finishing Homework, A Teenager Went to Suicide. Retrieved from Anhui Co urt Net (2003). http//www. ahcourt. gov. cn/gb/ahgy_2004/fczs/sy/userobject1ai15932. html 9, Diao, Jianwei(2004). directing Thoughts and Executing Thoughts-another interpretation of the relationship between thoughts and behavior. The Science of Social Psychology 2004, Vol. 19, No. 5, 74-76, 117